.. -*- mode: rst; coding: utf-8 -*-

.. Origin: SRD p56 "Multiclassing"
.. Origin: BR p58 "Multiclassing"

.. index:: ! multiclassing

.. _Multiclassing:

=============
Multiclassing
=============

.. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11984652/bold-italic-in-restructuredtext

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.. role:: bi
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Multiclassing allows you to gain levels in multiple classes. Doing so
lets you mix the abilities of those classes to realize a character
concept that might not be reflected in one of the standard class
options.

.. index::
   double: multiclass; total level

With this rule, you have the option of gaining a level in a new class
whenever you advance in level, instead of gaining a level in your
current class. Your levels in all your classes are added together to
determine your character level. For example, if you have three levels in
wizard and two in fighter, you're a 5th-level character.

As you advance in levels, you might primarily remain a member of your
original class with just a few levels in another class, or you might
change course entirely, never looking back at the class you left behind.
You might even start progressing in a third or fourth class. Compared to
a single-class character of the same level, you'll sacrifice some focus
in exchange for versatility.


.. index:: ! multiclassing prerequisites
   double: multiclass; prerequisite

Prerequisites
-------------

To qualify for a new class, you must meet the ability score
prerequisites for both your current class and your new one, as shown in
the Multiclassing Prerequisites table. For example, a barbarian who
decides to multiclass into the druid class must have both Strength and
Wisdom scores of 13 or higher. Without the full training that a
beginning character receives, you must be a quick study in your new
class, having a natural aptitude that is reflected by higher-
than-average ability scores.

.. table:: Multiclassing Prerequisites

  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Class       | Ability Score Min.            |
  +=============+===============================+
  | Barbarian   | Strength 13                   |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Bard        | Charisma 13                   |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Cleric      | Wisdom 13                     |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Druid       | Wisdom 13                     |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Fighter     | Strength 13 or Dexterity 13   |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Monk        | Dexterity 13 and Wisdom 13    |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Paladin     | Strength 13 and Charisma 13   |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Ranger      | Dexterity 13 and Wisdom 13    |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Rogue       | Dexterity 13                  |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Sorcerer    | Charisma 13                   |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Warlock     | Charisma 13                   |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+
  | Wizard      | Intelligence 13               |
  +-------------+-------------------------------+


.. index::
   double: multiclass; experience points
   double: multiclass; XP

Experience Points
-----------------

The experience point cost to gain a level is always based on your total
character level, as shown in the Character Advancement table, not your
level in a particular class. So, if you are a cleric 6/fighter 1, you
must gain enough XP to reach 8th level before you can take your second
level as a fighter or your seventh level as a cleric.


.. index::
   double: multiclass; hit points
   double: multiclass; hit dice

Hit Points and Hit Dice
-----------------------

You gain the hit points from your new class as described for levels
after 1st. You gain the 1st-level hit points for a class only when you
are a 1st-level character.

You add together the Hit Dice granted by all your classes to form your
pool of Hit Dice. If the Hit Dice are the same die type, you can simply
pool them together. For example, both the fighter and the paladin have a
d10, so if you are a paladin 5/fighter 5, you have ten d10 Hit Dice. If
your classes give you Hit Dice of different types, keep track of them
separately. If you are a paladin 5/cleric 5, for example, you have five
d10 Hit Dice and five d8 Hit Dice.


.. index::
   double: multiclass; proficiency bonus

Proficiency Bonus
-----------------

Your proficiency bonus is always based on your total character level,
as shown in the :ref:`Character Advancement` table in :ref:`Beyond 1st
Level`, not your level in a particular class. For example, if you are
a fighter 3/rogue 2, you have the proficiency bonus of a 5th- level
character, which is +3.


.. index:: multiclass; proficiencies

Proficiencies
-------------

When you gain your first level in a class other than your initial class,
you gain only some of new class's starting proficiencies, as shown in
the Multiclassing Proficiencies table.

.. table:: Multiclassing Proficiencies

  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Class     | Proficiencies Gained                                              |
  |           |                                                                   |
  +===========+===================================================================+
  | Barbarian | Shields, simple weapons, martial weapons                          |
  |           |                                                                   |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Bard      | Light armor, one skill of your choice, one musical instrument of  |
  |           | your choice                                                       |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |  Cleric   | Light armor, medium armor, shields                                |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |   Druid   | Light armor, medium armor, shields (druids will not wear armor or |
  |           | use shields made of metal)                                        |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Fighter   | Light armor, medium armor, shields, simple weapons, martial       |
  |           | weapons                                                           |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Monk      | Simple weapons, shortswords                                       |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Paladin   | Light armor, medium armor, shields, simple weapons, martial       |
  |           | weapons                                                           |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |  Ranger   | Light armor, medium armor, shields, simple weapons, martial       |
  |           | weapons, one skill from the class's skill list                    |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |   Rogue   | Light armor, one skill from the class's skill list, thieves'      |
  |           | tools                                                             |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Sorcerer  | —                                                                 |
  |           |                                                                   |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Warlock   | Light armor, simple weapons                                       |
  |           |                                                                   |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |  Wizard   | —                                                                 |
  +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+


.. index::
   double: multiclass; features

Class Features
--------------

When you gain a new level in a class, you get its features for that
level. You don't, however, receive the class's starting equipment, and a
few features have additional rules when you're multiclassing: Channel
Divinity, Extra Attack, Unarmored Defense, and Spellcasting.


.. index::
   double: multiclass; channel divinity

Channel Divinity
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you already have the Channel Divinity feature and gain a level in a
class that also grants the feature, you gain the Channel Divinity
effects granted by that class, but getting the feature again doesn't
give you an additional use of it. You gain additional uses only when you
reach a class level that explicitly grants them to you. For example, if
you are a cleric 6/paladin 4, you can use Channel Divinity twice between
rests because you are high enough level in the cleric class to have more
uses. Whenever you use the feature, you can choose any of the Channel
Divinity effects available to you from your two classes.


.. index::
   double: multiclass; extra attack

Extra Attack
~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you gain the Extra Attack class feature from more than one class, the
features don't add together. You can't make more than two attacks with
this feature unless it says you do (as the fighter's version of Extra
Attack does). Similarly, the warlock's eldritch invocation Thirsting
Blade doesn't give you additional attacks if you also have Extra Attack.


.. index::
   double: multiclass; unarmored defense

Unarmored Defense
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you already have the Unarmored Defense feature, you can't gain it
again from another class.


.. index::
   double: multiclass; spellcasting

Spellcasting
~~~~~~~~~~~~

Your capacity for spellcasting depends partly on your combined levels in
all your spellcasting classes and partly on your individual levels in
those classes. Once you have the Spellcasting feature from more than one
class, use the rules below. If you multiclass but have the Spellcasting
feature from only one class, you follow the rules as described in that
class.

.. index::
   double: multiclass; spells known
   double: multiclass; spells prepared
   triple: multiclass; spell; preparation

:bi:`Spells Known and Prepared`. You determine what spells you know and
can prepare for each class individually, as if you were a single-classed
member of that class. If you are a ranger 4/wizard 3, for example, you
know three 1st-level ranger spells based on your levels in the ranger
class. As 3rd-level wizard, you know three wizard cantrips, and your
spellbook contains ten wizard spells, two of which (the two you gained
when you reached 3rd level as a wizard) can be 2nd-level spells. If your
Intelligence is 16, you can prepare six wizard spells from your
spellbook.

Each spell you know and prepare is associated with one of your classes,
and you use the spellcasting ability of that class when you cast the
spell. Similarly, a spellcasting focus, such as a holy symbol, can be
used only for the spells from the class associated with that focus.

If a cantrip of yours increases in power at higher levels, the increase
is based on your character level, not your level in a particular class

.. index::
   double: multiclass; spell slots
   triple: multiclass; slot; spell

:bi:`Spell Slots`. You determine your available spell slots by adding
together all your levels in the bard, cleric, druid, sorcerer, and
wizard classes, and half your levels (rounded down) in the paladin and
ranger classes. Use this total to determine your spell slots by
consulting the Multiclass Spellcaster table.

If you have more than one spellcasting class, this table might give you
spell slots of a level that is higher than the spells you know or can
prepare. You can use those slots, but only to cast your lower-level
spells. If a lower-level spell that you cast, like *burning hands*, has
an enhanced effect when cast using a higher-level slot, you can use the
enhanced effect, even though you don't have any spells of that higher
level.

For example, if you are the aforementioned ranger 4/wizard 3, you count
as a 5th-level character when determining your spell slots: you have
four 1st-level slots, three 2nd-level slots, and two 3rd-level slots.
However, you don't know any 3rd-level spells, nor do you know any
2nd-level ranger spells. You can use the spell slots of those levels to
cast the spells you do know-and potentially enhance their effects.

.. index::
   double: multiclass; pact magic
   triple: multiclass; magic; pact

:bi:`Pact Magic`. If you have both the Spellcasting class feature and
the Pact Magic class feature from the warlock class, you can use the
spell slots you gain from the Pact Magic feature to cast spells you know
or have prepared from classes with the Spellcasting class feature, and
you can use the spell slots you gain from the Spellcasting class feature
to cast warlock spells you know.

.. table:: Multiclass Spellcaster: Spell Slots per Spell Level

  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | Level | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th |
  +=======+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+
  | 1st   | 2   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 2nd   | 3   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 3rd   | 4   | 2   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 4th   | 4   | 3   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 5th   | 4   | 3   | 2   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 6th   | 4   | 3   | 3   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 7th   | 4   | 3   | 3   | 1   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 8th   | 4   | 3   | 3   | 2   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 9th   | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 1   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 10th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | -   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 11th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 12th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | -   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 13th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | 1   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 14th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | 1   | -   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 15th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | 1   | 1   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 16th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | 1   | 1   | -   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 17th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | 1   | 1   | 1   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 18th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 1   | 1   | 1   | 1   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 19th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 1   | 1   | 1   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | 20th  | 4   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 3   | 2   | 2   | 1   | 1   |
  +-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+